It is the highest mountain range of the Cuban geography; the Pico Real del Turquino is the highest mount with 5,675.85 ft above sea level.
The most important rivers of the province rise in the Maestra Sierra, the Cauto River -the longest Cuban river. There are other minor river and tributaries in the vast Cauto basin. The deltas of the Mota River and the Mac?o River are also located in the southern region of the Maestra Sierra. The Cauto delta, a wildlife and flora sanctuary, it was declared a Ramsar site, an environmental classification for swamp areas awarded by UNESCO. It has an extension of 152,464.02 acres with vast vegetation of mangroves and swamp tall grass which are very distinctive of this region.

The great Maestra Sierra National Park has an extension of 61,776.35 acres ideal for trailing and mountain climbing. The Coloradas Beach is on its coast. Fidel Castro on board of the Granma yacht landed here on December 2nd 1956.